Ethambutol

An anti-tuberculosis medication that inhibits cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria.

Isoniazid

Another anti-tuberculosis drug that interferes with mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacteria.

Pyrazinamide

An anti-tuberculosis drug with a mechanism of action not fully understood, but effective in acidic environments like those found within tuberculosis granulomas.

Rifampicin

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial dna-dependent rna polymerase, essential for bacterial rna synthesis.

Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

Treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB affecting other parts of the body)

This four-drug regimen targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis through different mechanisms. Ethambutol and isoniazid inhibit cell wall synthesis, pyrazinamide acts in acidic environments, and rifampicin inhibits RNA synthesis. This combination maximizes effectiveness and minimizes the development of drug resistance.

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Do not use after the expiration date.

Dosage is determined by the physician based on patient factors such as age, weight, and overall health.

The specific dosage of each component varies and must be prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication is dangerous and ineffective.

Typically administered orally, usually once daily with or after a meal to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.

Nausea

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Loss of appetite

Abdominal pain

Headache

Dizziness

Rash

Itching

Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)

Visual disturbances (with Ethambutol)

Liver damage (hepatotoxicity)

Druginduced hepatitis

Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of liver damage. Consult your doctor.



While Driving or operating Machinery

May cause dizziness or drowsiness. Avoid driving or operating machinery if affected.



Pregnant & Breastfeeding Women

Use only as strictly prescribed by a physician due to potential risks to the fetus or infant. Close monitoring is required.



Children

Dosage adjustments are necessary. Always follow a physician's prescription.



Kidney

Renal impairment may require dosage adjustment. Consult with your physician.



Liver

Patients with pre-existing liver conditions should be closely monitored for liver toxicity. Regular liver function tests may be needed.

Your physician or pharmacist.

The package insert of your specific medication.

Reputable medical websites and journals (e.g., CDC, WHO).