Quinine

Is the primary active ingredient. specific formulations may include additional excipients like binders, fillers, and coatings.

Treatment of severe malaria (in combination with other antimalarials, as per WHO guidelines and only when other treatments are not effective or unavailable).

Historically used to treat nocturnal leg cramps (though efficacy is debated and other treatments are generally preferred).

Sulphaquin Suspension (Quinine) acts against malaria parasites by interfering with their heme detoxification process, leading to parasite death. Its effect on nocturnal leg cramps is not fully understood.

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Check expiration date before use.

Dosage should always be determined and supervised by a physician.

Dosage varies greatly depending on the indication, patient factors (age, weight, liver/kidney function), and the specific formulation.

Never exceed the prescribed dosage.

Blackwater fever (a severe complication, rare but potentially fatal)

Cinchonism (headache, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, visual disturbances)

Hypotension (low blood pressure)

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)

Cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)

Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption should be avoided or severely limited while taking quinine due to the increased risk of side effects.



Driving or operating Machinery

Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how quinine affects you. Dizziness and visual disturbances are possible side effects.



Pregnant & Breastfeeding Women

Quinine is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to the potential for serious adverse effects on the fetus or infant.



Children

Quinine use in children is generally avoided due to potential toxicity and the availability of safer alternatives for malaria treatment.



Kidney

Quinine is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with kidney impairment.



Liver

Patients with liver disease should use quinine with caution, as it is metabolized in the liver and could cause increased side effects.

World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on malaria treatment

Relevant medical textbooks and journals (Specific citations would need to be added here based on specific sources consulted)