Ethambutol

An anti-tuberculosis drug that inhibits arabinosyl transferase, an enzyme essential for mycobacterial cell wall synthesis.

Isoniazid

An anti-tuberculosis drug that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, a crucial component of the mycobacterial cell wall.

Pyrazinamide

An anti-tuberculosis drug with a mechanism of action that is not fully understood but is thought to be related to disruption of mycobacterial metabolism.

Rifampicin

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial dna-dependent rna polymerase, preventing bacterial protein synthesis.

Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

Treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB affecting organs other than the lungs)

This four-drug combination utilizes different mechanisms to target Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium causing TB. Each drug attacks a different aspect of the bacterial cell wall synthesis, metabolism, or protein production, resulting in synergistic effects and reduced risk of drug resistance development.

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Discard any unused medication according to your pharmacist's instructions.

Dosage is determined by the physician based on the patient's weight, age, and overall health.

The medication is typically taken orally, once daily or as directed by the physician.

It's crucial to complete the entire course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to prevent drug resistance and relapse.

Nausea

Vomiting

Loss of appetite

Abdominal pain

Headache

Dizziness

Visual disturbances (Ethambutolrelated)

Peripheral neuropathy (Isoniazidrelated)

Jaundice (liver damage)

Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)

Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of liver damage. It's advised to avoid alcohol during treatment.



While Driving or operating Machinery

Drowsiness or dizziness may occur. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how this medication affects you.



Pregnant & Breastfeeding Women

Inform your physician if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. The medication may pass into breast milk and may affect the developing baby.



Children

Dosage adjustments are necessary for children based on their weight and age.



Kidney

Kidney impairment may necessitate dosage adjustments. Your physician will monitor your kidney function.



Liver

Liver impairment may necessitate dosage adjustments. Regular liver function tests are recommended.

Your physician's instructions

The medication's package insert

Reputable medical websites (e.g., CDC, WHO)