A thiazolidinedione (tzd) that improves insulin sensitivity.
A biguanide that reduces glucose production by the liver and improves insulin sensitivity.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially when metformin alone is insufficient to control blood sugar levels.
Treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes who are overweight or obese.
Pioglitazone enhances insulin sensitivity by binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) receptors, improving glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity, and improves glucose uptake in muscles.
Store at room temperature, away from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.
Dosage should be determined by a healthcare professional based on individual needs and response.
Typically started at a low dose and gradually increased as tolerated.
Should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (more common with metformin)
Heart failure (rare but serious, particularly with pioglitazone)
Liver problems (rare but serious, requires monitoring)
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
Weight gain (more common with pioglitazone)
Fluid retention (especially with pioglitazone)
B12 Deficiency (Metformin)
Alcohol can increase the risk of hypoglycemia and should be consumed in moderation or avoided.
May cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially at the beginning of treatment. Avoid driving or operating machinery if affected.
Generally not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Consult a doctor immediately.
Not recommended for use in children.
Dose adjustment is usually necessary in patients with kidney disease. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with severe kidney disease.
Liver function tests should be monitored periodically, especially with pioglitazone. Discontinue use if liver enzyme elevations occur.
Your physician or pharmacist
The product monograph provided by the manufacturer
Reputable medical websites (e.g., NIH, FDA, etc.)
