Methotrexate is the active ingredient. Specific formulations may contain additional inactive ingredients such as preservatives, fillers, and stabilizers which vary depending on the route of administration (oral, injection). Always check the product label for a complete list of ingredients.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Certain types of cancer (e.g., choriocarcinoma, lymphoma, leukemia)

Severe psoriasis

Severe Crohn's disease (offlabel use)

Ectopic pregnancy (offlabel use)

Methotrexate is an antifolate drug. It inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme crucial for DNA synthesis and cell division. This action slows down the rapid growth of cells, which is beneficial in treating cancers and autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation and excessive cell proliferation. The precise mechanism of action in autoimmune conditions is not fully understood but involves immunosuppression.

Store methotrexate as directed on the product label. Generally, this involves storing it at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Do not use methotrexate after the expiration date. Dispose of unused medication properly as directed by your pharmacist or healthcare provider.

Dosage is highly individualized based on the condition being treated, the patient's weight, and response to therapy. It is always determined by a physician.

Methotrexate can be administered orally (as tablets or solution), intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously (by injection).

Never adjust your dose without consulting your doctor.

Nausea and vomiting

Mouth sores

Diarrhea

Hair loss

Fatigue

Liver damage (hepatotoxicity)

Kidney damage (nephrotoxicity)

Pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs)

Increased risk of infection

Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption should be minimized or avoided entirely while taking methotrexate, as it can increase the risk of liver damage.



While Driving or operating Machinery

Methotrexate can cause fatigue and dizziness; avoid driving or operating machinery if affected.



Pregnant & Breastfeeding Women

Methotrexate is contraindicated during pregnancy due to its teratogenic potential (causing birth defects). Breastfeeding should be discontinued while taking methotrexate.



Children

Methotrexate is used in children for certain conditions, but the dosage and monitoring are carefully managed by pediatric rheumatologists or oncologists.



Kidney

Kidney function should be closely monitored, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease, as methotrexate is excreted by the kidneys.



Liver

Liver function tests should be performed regularly, particularly during the initial phase of treatment, to monitor for liver damage.

Your doctor and pharmacist

The prescribing information provided by the medication manufacturer

Reputable medical websites such as those of the FDA, NIH, or Mayo Clinic