Ethambutol

An anti-tuberculosis drug that inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall.

Isoniazid

An anti-tuberculosis drug that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis and interferes with bacterial dna replication.

Pyrazinamide

An anti-tuberculosis drug with a mechanism of action that's not fully understood but is highly effective in the sterilizing phase of tuberculosis treatment.

Rifampicin

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial dna-dependent rna polymerase, preventing bacterial protein synthesis.

Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

Treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB affecting other parts of the body)

This four-drug combination acts synergistically to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Each drug targets different aspects of bacterial growth and survival, making it harder for the bacteria to develop resistance.

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep out of reach of children. Discard any unused medication as per your healthcare professional's instructions.

Dosage should be determined by a healthcare professional based on individual patient factors (age, weight, liver and kidney function).

The usual regimen involves taking the medication once daily, typically with or without food. This can be altered by your physician based on your specific needs.

It is crucial to complete the entire course of treatment, as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.

Nausea

Vomiting

Loss of appetite

Abdominal pain

Headache

Dizziness

Rash

Itching

Visual disturbances (Ethambutolspecific)

Jaundice (liver dysfunction)

Dark urine

Hepatotoxicity (liver damage)

Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of liver damage. Consult your doctor.



While Driving or operating Machinery

May cause dizziness or drowsiness. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how this medication affects you.



Pregnant & Breastfeeding Women

Use only under the strict supervision of a healthcare professional. It can cross the placenta and be excreted in breast milk.



Children

Dosage adjustments are necessary for children. A doctor will determine the correct dose.



Kidney

Dose adjustments may be needed for individuals with kidney impairment.



Liver

Dose adjustments are needed for individuals with liver impairment; regular monitoring of liver function is essential.

Your doctor or pharmacist

Relevant medical textbooks and journals (List specific journals if possible)