Ethambutol

Isoniazid

Rifampicin

Treatment of active tuberculosis (TB) in adults and children.

Used in combination with other antiTB drugs for optimal effectiveness.

This drug combination works by targeting different aspects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes TB. Each ingredient has its specific mechanism: Ethambutol inhibits the synthesis of arabinogalactan, a component of the mycobacterial cell wall. Isoniazid inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential lipids in the cell wall. Rifampicin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking bacterial protein synthesis. By targeting these essential processes, the combination prevents the growth and multiplication of the TB bacteria.

Store the medication at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep it out of reach of children and pets. Do not use the medication after the expiry date.

Dosage varies based on the patient's age, weight, and overall health. Always follow the instructions provided by your doctor.

This medication is typically taken orally, once daily.

Complete the entire course of treatment, even if you feel better before the end of the prescribed time. Stopping treatment early can lead to drug resistance and worsen your TB infection.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for your next dose. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.

Rare but serious side effects include: Ethambutol: Vision problems, optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve). Isoniazid: Hepatotoxicity (liver damage), peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage), seizures. Rifampicin: Red-orange discoloration of urine, sweat, and tears, hepatotoxicity, allergic reactions.

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and dizziness.

Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of liver damage. It is recommended to avoid alcohol during treatment.



While Driving or Operating Machinery

This medication can cause dizziness and drowsiness. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how this medication affects you.



Pregnant & Breastfeeding Women

This medication should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Consult your doctor. This medication may pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Discuss with your doctor before breastfeeding.



Children

Dosage adjustments are needed for children. Consult a pediatrician.



Kidney

Dosage adjustments may be needed for patients with kidney problems. Discuss with your doctor.



Liver

This medication can cause liver damage. It is important to monitor liver function regularly during treatment. It is not recommended for patients with severe liver problems.

https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/treatment.htm

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351165